AGPE THE ROYAL GONDWANA RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY, SCIENCE, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

ASSESSING THE ROLE OF HYDROPOWER ENERGY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MYANMAR

Tun Tun Win Win — 2025-01-12

The power generation of Myanmar is not enough for demand, the most of state and region except Nay Pyi Taw are faceing power load shed in their daily life. Hydropower is a potential alternative to overcome this problem currently occurring in Myanmar. The objectives of the study were to investigate the role of hydropower in sustainable development of Myanmar and to analyze the role of hydropower effecting national power sector development.

There were three factors required to balance the power sector development such as requirement of more electricity supply from various types of power generation, cost effectiveness and energy sustainability. Assessing the role of hydropower for sustainable development of Myanmar was analyzed by Likert Scale and descriptive method was used for data analysis based on primary and secondary data. Except 50 respondents of Kyitaung Village, 100 respondents of government staff and officers, 50 respondents of Asia World company were surveyed using systematic random sampling method. The correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the variables that influence the role of hydropower impacting the national power sector development of Myanmar. It indicated that respondents favour the tangibility factors which influenc trust and satisfaction on social and economic benefit with hydropower percentage value 95.1% and others were 90% over except willingness to pay was 60.1%. The correlation coefficient between environmental protection and national development was 0.950, which was the strongest link seen among independent factors and national development. The coefficients of power quality and environmental protection exhibited complete significance at a 1% level. Conversely, the coefficient of cost effectiveness demonstrated significance at a 5% level. Government should make efforts for public awareness in hydropower which is clean renewable energy for balancing the power generation and distribution load. Public involvement in hydropower projects will succeed to fulfill large generation requirements and industrial development in Myanmar.

Keywords: more electricity, cost effectiveness, sustainability, environment, power sector, national development.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHES ON WEED INFESTATION, GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) DURING RAINY SEASON

Ei Htwe — 2025-01-20

The experiment was conducted at the field of Department of Agronomy, Yezin Agricultural University, Myanmar to study the effect of different mulches on weed infestation, growth, and yield of maize, and to select the suitable mulch in maize cultivation during rainy season. The experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design (RCB) with three replications. A total of six treatments were comprised of control (no mulch) (T1), legumes living mulches such as cowpea mulch (T2), green gram mulch (T3) and lablab bean mulch (T4), organic mulch such as maize stover mulch (T5) and black plastic mulch (T6). Maize variety of CP 808 was used as the tested variety. Weed infestation were significantly different among the treatments. The weed density in all mulches plots was significantly lower than the control (no mulch, T1) at all sampling times (15 days after sowing (DAS), 35 DAS, 55 DAS and 75 DAS). The minimum weed dry weight was observed from black plastic mulch (T6) and followed by maize stover mulch (T5) at 15 DAS, 35 DAS, 55 DAS and 75 DAS. Among the living mulches, the lowest weed dry weight was attained from cowpea mulch (T2) and followed by lablab bean mulch (T4) and green gram mulch (T3). Total dry matter and leaf area index of maize were significantly different among the treatments at maximum vegetative growth stage, tasseling stage and grain filling stage. The highest total dry matter of maize was obtained from maize stover mulch (T5) at maximum vegetative growth stage and tasseling stage, and cowpea mulch (T2) at grain filling stage. The highest leaf area index was attained from black plastic mulch (T6) at maximum vegetative growth stage and cowpea mulch (T2) at grain filling stage. The maximum crop growth rate from maximum vegetative growth stage to tasseling stage was obtained from black plastic mulch (T6) and from tasseling stage to grain filling stage was observed from lablab bean mulch (T4) followed by cowpea mulch (T2) and green gram mulch (T3). The maximum grain yield was recorded from cowpea mulch (T2) and followed by green gram mulch (T3). According to the results, cowpea mulch (T2) is suitable for maize cultivation during rainy season in the study area.

जनजाति जीवन कौशल : बैगा जनजाति के विशेष संदर्भ में

Gouri Sharma — 2025-01-20

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र 'जनजाति जीवन कौशल: बैगा जनजाति के विशेष संदर्भ मे' का प्रमुख उद्देश्य बैगा समुदाय में निहित विभिन्न जीवन कौशलो की पहचान, उसका अध्ययन एवं विश्लेषण करना है।अध्ययन हेतु छतीसगढ़ राज्य के बिलासपुर जिले के कोटा विकासखंड के अंतर्गत आनेवाले ग्राम करका के अंतर्गत नक्ताबांधा टोला में निवासरत बैगा समुदाय का चयन किया गया है।नक्टाबांधा टोला में 62 बैगा परिवार निवासरत है । अध्ययन हेतु शोधार्थी द्वारा स्वयं समुदाय के बीच रहकर 06 माह का समय बिताया गया है। आंकड़ो का संकलन सहभागी अवलोकन एवं अनौपचारिक बातचीत के माध्यम से किया गया है ।अध्ययन के दौरान जनजाति समुदाय में विभिन्न जीवन कौशलों जैसे आत्मजागरूकता, समस्या समाधान ,निर्णय करना , भावनात्मक संतुलन,नेतृत्व की क्षमता, परस्पर संबंध,आलोचनात्मक अथवा महत्वपूर्ण सोंच, सृजनात्मक सोंच की पहचान की गई ।अध्ययन में यह पाया गया कि इन जीवन कौशलों के माध्यम से बैगा समुदाय के लोग अपने जीवन की आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति एवं जीवन में आने वाली चुनौतियों का सामना आसानी से कर पाते है ।यद्यपि वर्तमान परीथितियों में कुछ भटकाव की स्थिति बन रही है, जिससे उन्हे बचाने की आवश्यकता है ।

भारतीय इतिहास में किन्नर

Ramanuj Dhurve — 2025-01-20

इतिहास में जब मानवीय क्रियाकलापों का अध्ययन किया जाता है तो संपूर्ण मानव समाज को नर व मादा के रूप में विभक्त किया जाता है समाज में एक तबका और है, जिसकी विशेष चर्चा नहीं होती लेकिन प्रकृति ने हीं उसे मानव स्वरूप में ढाला है और वह है किन्नर जिसे ट्रांसजेंडर के रूप में भी जाना जाता है। भारत में किन्नरों को विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में विभिन्न नामों जैसे छक्का, हिजड़ा, खवाजासरस, नपुंसक आदि नामों से भी जाना जाता है। भारतीय इतिहास में किन्नर के प्राचींनतम साक्ष्य की बात करें तो ईसा पूर्व नवीं शताब्दी में मिलता है। भारत के प्राचीन धर्म हिंदू व जैन धर्म में भी तीन लिंगों की मान्यता दी गई है। इतिहास के रंगमंच पर किन्नर समुदाय का अस्तित्व वैदिक काल से ही है परंतु वर्तमान समय तक भी वे अपनी मुखर अभिव्यक्ति नहीं दे पाये है।