AGPE THE ROYAL GONDWANA RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY, SCIENCE, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

रायगढ़ जिले में जल संरक्षण

Bhagyashri Dhurve — Sun, 04 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

रिसायत कालीन रायगढ़ जल संसाधन से परिपूर्ण था। इसके चारों ओर कुओं, नदी व तालाब हुआ करते थे। लेकिन अत्यंत संसाधनों के दोहन व अनुचित उपयोग से जल संकट की स्थिति उत्पन्न हो गई हैं। रायगढ़ के राजा महाराजों ने पारम्परिक कुओं, तालाबों व जलाशयों के निर्माण को अपने जीवन में महत्व दिया। बढ़ते हुए शहरीकरण व जनसंख्या के कारण जल का उपयोग बढ़ गया है। शहरीकरण के साथ ही जल स्त्रोतों में कमी आई हैं। इसकी वजह से कई पर्यावरणीय समस्याएं पैदा हो गई है। इनमें जल आपूर्ति की कमी, पानी के प्रदूषित होने होने और इसके संग्रहण जैसे पहलू प्रमुख है। नदियों के किनारे बसे शहर व कस्बों से कई पर्यावरणीय समस्याएं पैदा हो गई हैं। जिले में जल संरक्षण से निपटने के लिये तालाबों का गहरीकरण, साफ सफाई पर विशेष ध्यान दिया जा रहा है। साथ छत्तीसगढ़ सरकार कई योजनायें चला कर नदी, नालों को पुनर्जीवित कर रही है। सरकार प्रत्येक गांवो में तालाब, कुओं के रख रखाव को भी प्रोत्साहित कर रही है। जिसे कई छोटी छोटी नदियों को जोड़ने का कार्य भी किया जा रहा है। साथ ही स्टॉप डेम, रेनीकट, लघु सिंचाई योजना, नलकूप, जल संग्रहण प्रबंधन कार्यक्रम के तहत भी कई ग्रामों में जल संरक्षण के लिये पानी टंकी, पम्प फिटिंग व सोख पीट का निर्माण कराया गया है। छत्तीसगढ़ में जल संसाधन के विभिन्न स्त्रोत विद्यमान है। जिनके उपयोग विकास व संरक्षण की अत्यधिक आवश्यकता है।

ROLE OF INFRASTRUCTURE CONNECTIVITY IN PROMOTING RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TAMIL NADU

G. Gnanasurya, Dr. S.Dhanasekaran — Mon, 19 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In Tamil Nadu, infrastructure connectivity is crucial for fostering rural entrepreneurship and economic growth. By enhancing market access, financial support, employment, and income, infrastructure like roads, transportation, energy, internet, and banking services helps rural enterprises. This study's primary goal is to investigate how infrastructural connection supports rural entrepreneurship and economic growth in Tamil Nadu. Along with the difficulties faced by rural businesses, it also emphasizes the significance of banking facilities, energy, digital connectivity, and transportation. The entire analysis is based on secondary data gathered from official publications, economic surveys, government reports, and academic journals. A descriptive method is used to analyze the data. Additionally, the study looks at how improved infrastructure might lessen business challenges and open up new doors for rural business owners. Enhanced connectivity can support balanced regional development and assist rural enterprises reach larger markets. The report emphasizes the necessity of better infrastructure and government assistance to support rural businesses, generate jobs, and advance sustainable economic growth in Tamil Nadu.

HISTORY OF MYANMAR PAW SAN HMWE

Dr. Phyu Pya Lwin, Ph.D. (Soil & Water Science) — Wed, 21 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Paw San Hmwe (PSH) is known as “Pearl Rice”. It is an indigenous rice variety from Myanmar with a good taste, strong aroma, and excellent elongation ability during cooking. The objective of this study is to investigate the true origin, geographical distribution, and specific traits of Paw San Hmwe using historical records, literature sources, and physiological properties. It was also intended to make the public widely known. Findings suggest that the Ayeyarwady Delta region played a significant role in the early cultivation of Paw San Hmwe. Myaungmya Agricultural Research Farm is the true origin, selection, and produce of this variety. The breeding line number of Paw San Hmwe is (D-44-8) and was produced by pure line selection. Later, it expanded into other suitable ecological zones because of high market demand and superior grain quality. Understanding this variety's historical origin and distribution helps preserve Myanmar’s indigenous rice heritage and supports future conservation and breeding programs.

EVOLUTION OF GRAM PANCHAYAT SHAHNAGAR IN MADHYA PRADESH - A CASE STUDY

Dr. Manju Maria Solomon, Kulbhooshan Chaturvedi — Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

“Every man and every body of men on earth, possesses the right of self-government. They receive it, with their being from the land of nature. Individuals exercise it by that of their majority; for the majority is the natural law of every society of men.” - Thomas Jefferson

Rural local self-governance in India represents one of the most ambitious democratic experiments in the world. Rooted in constitutional values, decentralization, and participatory development, the Gram Panchayat system has evolved over decades to become a powerful instrument of grassroots transformation. This research article presents an in-depth case study of Gram Panchayat Shahnagar, located in Madhya Pradesh, tracing its institutional, social, and economic evolution over nearly ﬁve decades. From the early phase of Panchayati Raj implementation to its emergence as an Atma Nirbhar Gram Panchayat generating more than ₹50 lakh annual revenue, Shahnagar demonstrates how visionary leadership, community participation, and locally designed welfare schemes can transform rural governance. The study integrates historical policy context, administrative records, social initiatives, ﬁscal innovations, and recent recognitions at the state level, positioning Shahnagar as a model of evolved Gram Panchayat governance in India.

AI, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, AND COOPERATIVE JOB PLACEMENT MODELS FOR THE FUTURE OF WORK

D. Sushmitha, Dr. S. Dhanasekaran — Sat, 24 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the future of work by changing job roles, skill requirements, and employment opportunities. This paper examines the role of AI and skill development in improving youth employability and cooperative job placement. It highlights the importance of digital literacy, technical skills, problem-solving, communication, and continuous up skilling to prepare workers for AI-driven labour markets. The study also examines cooperative approaches to job placement, where institutions, employers, training organizations, and workers collaborate to connect skilled individuals with suitable employment opportunities. Such approaches can reduce skill mismatches, improve access to jobs, and promote inclusive employment. The paper emphasizes that combining AI-enabled opportunities, effective skill development, and cooperative employment mechanisms can support a more productive, inclusive, and future-ready workforce.

A A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AWARENESS AND UTILISATION OF GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL INCLUSION SCHEMES AMONG URBAN AND RURAL BENEFICIARIES

Dr.M.SANTHOSHKUMAR, Dr.S.VIJAYALAKSHMI, Mr.S.SRINIVASAN — Sat, 31 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Financial inclusion is now an important policy agenda item for achieving equitable economic growth and increasing access to formal financial services for all segments of society. The Government of India has initiated various financial inclusion policies to improve access to financial services and financial education, provide social security and promote economic empowerment. But their success relies heavily on the level of awareness of the target audience. The aim of this paper is to examine government financial inclusion schemes and compare the awareness of the schemes among urban and rural cardholders. The overall purpose of the research is to determine the level of awareness, compare urban and rural populations, and study the factors affecting the level of awareness. A descriptive and comparative research design was used, and primary data were collected by giving a structured questionnaire to the cardholders. Data were analyzed using statistical tools like percentage analysis, comparative tests and mean scores. The results will likely show a marked difference in awareness among urban and rural cardholders, which might stem from varying education, information and access, banking outreach and socioeconomic situations. The study adds to the body of knowledge on financial inclusion initiatives and calls for specific awareness campaigns to boost the use of government schemes. The findings can help inform policies, financial institutions and government decisions to improve financial literacy and inclusive financial development in both urban and rural areas.

A STUDY ON ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY LOSS IN TAMIL NADU

Dr. A. Kaveri , Mr. S. Srinivasan — Fri, 30 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change is no longer solely an environmental challenge it has emerged as a critical labour market disruptor in the Global South. This study investigates the intersection of climate change and unemployment in Tamil Nadu. India second largest state economy and a front runner in renewable energy transition. Using mixed methods and secondary data from the Tamil Nadu Economic Survey current report a peer reviewed heat stress study of 1,560 outdoor workers across 11 districts Scientific Reports and industry reports on garment and MSME sectors the climate induced heat stress and inconsistent weather are actively exacerbating joblessness. While overall unemployment declined from 7.2 percent to 4.8 percent youth unemployment 15 to 29 years remains at 17.5 to 21.9 percent with graduate unemployment at 16.3 percent exceeding the national average of 14.0 percent. Tamil Nadu has achieved a positive structural shift with agricultural employment share reducing from 32 percent 2015 to 25 percent 2025 to 2026 but this transition is climate induced distress migration rather than productive transformation. The heat stress study provides empirical evidence 61 percent of outdoor workers reported productivity loss in summer versus 39 percent in winter. Exposure to important Wet Bulb Globe Temperature WBGT increased the risk of productivity loss by 1.40 times 95 percent CI and doubled the risk of heat related illness. In brick kilns and salt pans of Thoothukudi and Kanchipuram productivity defeat reach 65 percent. In the garment hub of Tiruppur employing over 3 million workers directly a 2026 climate risk analysis projects 35 million Full Time Equivalent FTE jobs at risk across Indian garment supply chains by 2030 due to unabated heat with 73 percent factories having heat trapping metal roofs and 60 percent lacking clinics. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises MSME which contribute 30 percent to state GDP and are the largest employer reported 40 percent output loss during recent flood and heat events in stakeholder consultations held in February 2026. Simultaneously 90 percent of Tamil Nadu adults report experiencing global warming indicating high

awareness but low adaptive capacity due to informality 60 to 80 percent youth in informal jobs and skill mismatch only 25 to 49 percent deemed employable. Relatively Tamil Nadu situation mirrors trends in Bangladesh Vietnam and Mexico where heat reduces labour supply by 10 to 15 percent in peak summer. Though Tamil Nadu is unique as it already generates greater than 50 percent power from renewable and is investing Rs 15,000 crore in off shore wind in Gulf of Manner with green hydrogen integration offering potential for 50,000 add green jobs in marine engineering and turbine maintenance. The study concludes with a five pillar policy framework (i) Heat adapted labour standards including WBGT based work rest cycles (ii) Formalization with climate insurance (iii) Climate smart skilling under Naan Mudhalvan for solar, wind, EV (iv) MSME resilience fund for cool roofs and (v) District Climate Employment Cells. The study contributes to the emerging literature on Climate presently Employment and provides actionable insights for South Asian economies navigating the dual transition.