AGPE THE ROYAL GONDWANA RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY, SCIENCE, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

EVALUATION OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP PRACTICES OF PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS WITH REFERENCE TO WOMEN BENEFICIARIES

Alpna Gupta, Dr. Hema Singla — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated the customer relationship practices of private sector banks with specific reference to women beneficiaries. It examined how personalized services, responsive customer support, grievance redressal mechanisms, financial literacy initiatives, and tailor-made product offerings influence women’s satisfaction and continued engagement with these banks. Primary data was gathered from a structured questionnaire administered to 100 women customers of selected private sector banks. Statistical measures such as frequency analysis, and Chi Square analysis were applied to analyze responses. Findings revealed that women beneficiaries perceive relationship practices—such as attentive service staff, quick query resolution, and proactive communication—as critical determinants of trust and loyalty. However, challenges like limited outreach, lack of customized financial education, and occasional service delays were noted. The study highlights the need for more gender-sensitive banking strategies to strengthen customer relationships and enhance women’s financial inclusion and empowerment. Implications for policy and bank management are also discussed.

ANALYZING THE DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND ONLINE SHOPPING PREFERENCES IN INDIA

Dr. Prachi Bang — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Shopping online is an excellent way to buy things. The research focuses on consumer attitudes regarding online shopping in India. The aim of the study is to explore the concept of online shopping, to analyze consumer behavior concerning online purchases, to investigate the reasons that drive Indian online shoppers to opt for offline shopping, and to assess the factors influencing consumers' purchasing decisions. This study is based on secondary data and explores how social, economic, cultural, educational, personal, and psychological factors influence consumer buying behavior in online shopping.

DIGITAL SKILLS AND SOCIAL INCLUSION: EVALUATING HUMAN GROWTH IN THE DIGITAL AGE

D. Sushmitha, Dr. S.Dhanasekaran — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Digital literacy has become a vital component in promoting social inclusion and human development in an increasingly digitalized society. This study examines how digital competencies influence civic engagement, education, economic opportunities, and access to information. By comparing trends across industrialized and developing nations, the research highlights the persistent digital divide and its impact on marginalized populations. Drawing on both quantitative data from global digital development reports and qualitative insights from field surveys, the study argues that enhancing digital literacy is key to reducing inequality and fostering equitable human progress. The findings suggest that targeted investments in digital education, infrastructure, and region-specific training programs can significantly improve social integration, economic mobility, and democratic participation.

सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल का देशी रियासतों के विलीनीकरण में योगदान

Monika Kumari , Dr. Sonu Saran — Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

1927 में अखिल भारतीय राज्य प्रजामण्डल की स्थापना के साथ ही सरदार पटेल की देशी रजवाडों में दिलचस्पी पैदा हो गई थी। प्रजामण्डल का लक्ष्य देशी रजवाड़ों में लोकतंत्र और प्रतिनिधिक संस्थाओं की स्थापना करना था। प्रजामण्डल या पटेल देशी रजवाड़ों का अंत नहीं चाहते थे। उनकी इच्छा सिर्फ यह थी कि देशी रजवाडे़ देश की मुख्य धारा में सम्मिलित हों और अपनी जनता की भलाई के लिए काम करें। वे पूरी तरह ब्रिटिश सरकार के नियंत्रण में थे। देशी रजवाड़ों के संबंध में सरदार पटेल का यह दृष्टिकोण अंत तक बना रहा। उन्होंने 1929 में ही देशी नरेशों को यह विश्वास दिला दिया था कि स्वतंत्र भारत में उन्हें डरने की कोई जरूरत नहीं है।
सरदार पटेल भारत की समस्त रियासतों का एकीकरण करके अखण्ड भारत की कल्पना करते थे। साम, दाम, दण्ड और भेद की नीति में वे पारंगत थे। यही कारण है कि जो देशी राजा भारत में विलय के इच्छुक नहीं थे, उन्हें भी पटेल ने इस नीति को अपनाते हुए विवश कर दिया, जिससे किसी ने आत्मसमर्पण किया तो किसी ने प्रसन्नतापूर्वक विलय कर लेना चाहा। हैदराबाद, जूनागढ़, त्रावणकोर , भोपाल, जम्मू कश्मीर शामिल होने के लिए तैयार नहीं थे। वे अपना स्वतंत्र अस्तित्व बनाए रखने का सपना संजोए हुए थे। सरदार पटेल की युक्ति कारगर रही। हैदराबाद, जूनागढ़ और जम्मू कश्मीर को छोड ़कर शेष देषी रियासतें 15 अगस्त 1947 तक सहमत हो गई। इन तीन रियासतांे को भी अलग-अलग कारणों से भारत में शामिल होना पड़ा।

PREVALENCE OF MURDER AGAINST SCHEDULE TRIBES: ANALYSIS OF INCIDENCES AND ITS DISPOSAL

Abhishek Rajvanshi, Dayashankar Vishwakarma , Prof. Mamta Patel — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

'Scheduled Tribes’ is a denotation given for inclusion of tribes under Article 342 of the Indian constitution to protect their cultural diversity, as they are geographically dispersed and isolated from mainland India, which amounts to 8.6% of the Indian population. Historically, they faced oppression and discrimination; to prevent this, various articles in the Constitution of India were included, which are further strengthened by the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, making crimes against Scheduled Tribes a serious offence. The rising crime rate against Scheduled Tribes remains a major concern, with a recorded rate of 12.4 in 2023 (NCRB, 2023). This study has analysed the murder incidence recorded against Scheduled Tribes and the disposal of such cases over a period of five years (2019–2023). The study was conducted using secondary data. Indicators such as recorded incidence, number of victims, police case disposals, and court case disposals have been used to determine the findings. Though the murder rate against the Schedule Tribes is constant at 0.2, still there has been an inconsistent occurrence of murder incidence, with the highest recorded cases in 2019 and 2022, i.e., 226 and 219, respectively. The study can help to determine the vulnerability of Scheduled Tribes under the Indian Criminal Justice System.

THE FIFTH SCHEDULE AND GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY: A CRITICAL STUDY OF TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNANCE IN JHARKHAND

Dr. Sadanand Pandit — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

A Government run by the local people who are concerned with the local issues where all the local people can participate in all the concerns and the functions of the government. The local self-governing institutions in India have attained prominence in formulating decentralised planning following enactment of the 73rd and 74^th Constitutional (Amendment) Act, 1992 which are placed in Part IX and IXA of the Constitution respectively. The Act provides ample scope to the local governments for developing and implementing local plans in India. In order to protect the interests of the scheduled tribes, the provisions of fifth and sixth schedules are enshrined in the Indian Constitution under article 244. Article 243M of the Constitution, while exempting the fifth schedule areas from Part IX of the Constitution, provides that Parliament may by law extend its provisions to the scheduled and tribal areas subject to such exceptions and modifications as may be specified in such law and no such law shall be deemed to be an amendment to the Constitution. The fifth schedule areas now have the PESA Act 1996 which focuses on developing the Gram Sabha. The PESA Act is a significant step towards promoting participatory planning in scheduled areas in India. This paper envisages knowing whether the fifth schedule provisions are being applied in scheduled areas in letter and spirit. Because, many areas in tribal central states of India are trying to experiment with the PRI system adapted to local needs. It presents an overview of continuities and changes of the local self-governing institution existing in the form of Munda-Manki, Manjhi-Pargnait, Pahra-Raja etc., system in scheduled areas of Jharkhand. It also reveals that structural impediments and functional incapacity of the local governments in the scheduled areas have hampered the spirit of such institutions with regard to the planning and implementation of the development programmes.