BEYOND CHALKBOARD AND CLICKS: MAPPING TEACHERS’S DIGITAL READINESS UNDER NEP 2020

Samima Khatun , Dr. Mohd. Shakir — Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid digital transformation of education, strengthened by India’s 2020 education reform policy, has redefined the role of teachers as facilitators of technology-enabled learning. As a result, digital literacy has emerged as a core professional competency, becoming essential for effective pedagogy in contemporary classrooms. In this context, the present study investigates the digital readiness of pre-service and in-service teachers and explores its relationship with digital competencies and teaching readiness. To achieve this objective, a quantitative descriptive research design was employed, and data were collected from 100 respondents using a five-dimensional Digital Literacy Assessment scale. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent-samples t-tests. The findings reveal no significant difference in the overall level of digital literacy between the two groups, suggesting convergence in basic digital competencies. However, dimension-wise analysis indicates uneven development, with strengths in digital communication and cyber safety and persistent gaps in digital content creation and technology-integrated pedagogy. Significant differences in teaching readiness in favor of in-service teachers, underscoring the pedagogical value of professional experience. Moreover, a strong association between digital literacy and teaching readiness underscores digital competence as a pedagogical enabler rather than merely a technical skill. The study concludes that a shift from fragmented, operational training toward practice-embedded professional development, aligned with the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, is essential to bridge the gap between ‘clicking’ and ‘teaching’

BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF DNA AND RNA IN OVARY OF TELEOST: A REVIEW

Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

RNA/DNA ratios is a fast and reliable method which is used for assessment of fish condition, especially for the short-term study. This technique is based on the assumption that RNA content in cells varies according to the amount of protein synthesis in organisms, but the level of DNA content remains almost the same. Well-developed and healthy fishes demonstrate high RNA/DNA ratios while poorly developed and healthy ones show low RNA/DNA ratios. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were shown to play various regulatory roles, for example, in reproduction. Thus, an effective reproduction in teleost fishes was correlated with complete realization of the reproduction process, but there are not many publications concerning the role of ncRNAs presence and regulation in mature and immature gonads of fish. RNA content and RNA/DNA ratios proved themselves to be reliable parameters for estimation of growth rate and feeding conditions of fishes in their natural habitats. With the help of meta-analysis of scientific papers published it could be demonstrated that RNA/DNA ratios in larvae of fishes are influenced by starvation and the influence increases with starvation time

In teleost fishes, the ovaries constitute one of the most dynamic organs, which have nucleic acids acting as major components in their development, functioning, and proliferation. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide an insight into the biochemistry and biological importance of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the development of ovaries in teleost fishes. DNA content is quite constant and forms an accurate index of cell number, while RNA content depends upon the metabolic activity and protein synthesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules which act as gene expression regulators at the post-transcriptional level. There is growing recognition that miRNAs act as important regulators of many biological activities including reproductive function. By utilizing expression analysis of miRNAs from fish ovaries, numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of miRNAs in the fish ovary and their regulation during folliculogenesis and hormonal stimulation. Several recent studies using CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout technique have identified the importance of miR-202 and miR-200 family members located on chromosome 23 for ovarian development, oogenesis, and ovulation in fish species.

AGPE THE ROYAL GONDWANA RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY, SCIENCE, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

BEYOND CHALKBOARD AND CLICKS: MAPPING TEACHERS’S DIGITAL READINESS UNDER NEP 2020

BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF DNA AND RNA IN OVARY OF TELEOST: A REVIEW