EFFECT OF COPPER ON FISH TESTIS

Abstract

Copper is a vital trace element that plays an important role in many biological functions in both humans and fish, such as helping with enzymes activity. Oxygen transport, and energy production. However, when copper levels get too high, often due to pollution from industrial runoff, mining or agriculture, it can become toxic, especially to fish. The testisresponsible for sperm production and male fertility is highly sensitive to toxicants like copper. Research indicates that prolonged exposure to elevated copper levels can lead to oxidative stress, testicular histopathology, reduced sperm quality, and hormonal imbalances.Understanding these effects is crucial for sustainable aquaculture and environmental conservation.