FIPRONIL EXPOSURE: A GROWING CONCERN FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Abstract

Fipronil, a widely used insecticide, has been linked to reproductive toxicity in various species. This review summarizes the existing evidence on the effects of fipronil on the reproductive system, highlighting its impact on fertility, sperm quality, and gonadal development. Studies in mammals, birds, and insects consistently show that fipronil exposure leads to reduced fertility, decreased sperm count and viability, and altered gonadal morphology. The mechanisms underlying these effects involve disruption of hormonal balance, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. These findings have significant implications for human health, wildlife conservation, and environmental sustainability, emphasizing the need for stricter regulations and safer alternatives to fipronil.